OBJECTIVE: The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for the use of self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in health care settings. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed, external systematic reviews were evaluated, and HPV genotype agreement between self-collected vaginal and clinician-collected cervical specimens was summarized. Recommendations considered available data, public comments, and expert consensus. Recommendations were ratified through a vote by the Consensus Stakeholder Group. RESULTS: Clinician-collected cervical specimens are preferred and self-collected vaginal specimens are acceptable for primary HPV screening of asymptomatic average-risk individuals. Repeat testing in 3 years is recommended following HPV-negative screens using self-collected vaginal specimens. Colposcopy with collection of cytology and biopsies is recommended following positive tests for HPV types 16 and 18. Clinician-collected cytology or dual stain for triage testing is recommended following positive tests for HPV 45, 33/58, 31, 52, 35/39/68, or 51 or for pooled HPV other types but negative for HPV 16 or 18. Repeat HPV testing in 1 year is recommended following a positive test for HPV types 56/59/66 and no other carcinogenic types. Minimal data exist on use of self-collected vaginal specimens for surveillance following abnormal screening test results, colposcopy or treatment, and therefore, clinician-collected cervical specimens are preferred. CONCLUSIONS: Human papillomavirus testing of self-collected vaginal specimens expands cervical cancer screening options and has potential to increase access for currently underscreened individuals. Laboratory and clinical workflows will need to be modified to ensure adequate specimen processing and follow-up.