The assembly mechanisms of riverine biofilm communities in river systems represent a central question in aquatic microbial ecology. However, the influence of turbulence on the assembly of generalists and specialists within biofilms remains poorly understood. This study aimed to address this gap by examining a river with multiple spur dikes, using high-throughput sequencing, ecological network analysis, and partial least squares path modeling to explore the assembly process and community structure of biofilms. The results revealed that turbulence intensity (0.029 m/s) and kinetic energy (0.0018 m