Understanding how rare and abundant bacterial taxa respond to environmental shifts is essential for predicting microbial community dynamics in highly urbanized estuarine ecosystems, where anthropogenic disturbances and nutrient fluctuations significantly reshape ecological processes. Here, we investigated the responses of rare and abundant bacterial communities to the environments in densely urbanized coastal areas (i.e., EO: eight outlets
NMR: nearshore marine region) within Pearl River Estuary, subsequently exploring the relationships of assembly processes and co-occurrence networks with N-NO