Quality of life is a critical outcome in oncology, influencing treatment adherence and patient satisfaction. Haematology patients face psychological challenges, including emotional distress, depression and PTSD, which can affect their quality of life. Resilience and social support are protective factors that help patients cope with these challenges. This study aimed to assess the psychological adjustment of haematology patients by examining psychological outcomes (PTSD and depression), psychological resources (resilience and perceived social support), and quality of life. It also examined correlations between demographic variables, psychological outcomes and resources to identify predictors of quality of life and whether resilience mediates these effects. A sample of 110 haematology patients from three hospital centers in central/southern Italy participated. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires measuring PTSD, depression, resilience, social support and quality of life. Correlational analyses and hierarchical multiple regression were used to explore the relationships between variables, followed by a mediation analysis to examine the role of resilience. Results indicated that QOL was negatively associated with gender, age, PTSD and depression, but positively associated with resilience. Regression analyses showed that quality of life was significantly predicted by resilience, age, depressive symptoms and gender. The mediation model showed that resilience partially mediated the effects of age, gender and depression on QoL. These findings highlight the protective role of resilience in improving quality of life in haematology patients. Despite limitations related to sample size and the use of self-report questionnaires, this study provides valuable insights into the psychological adjustment of haematology patients and highlights the importance of considering psychological resources in oncology care.