Sterilizing high-carbon steel medical surgical blades is crucial for public health and safety. To enhance the sterilization efficiency of medical surgical blades, we used the Monte Carlo simulation method to study the effects of gamma irradiation sterilization parameters on high-carbon steel samples. Results show that the time required for irradiation sterilization can be decreased to 23.14 min or even 6.20 min, significantly shorter than the several hours required for chemical sterilization, by optimizing the irradiation facility parameters. The gamma source is a 1 cm thick