KRAS Mutations in Cancer: Understanding Signaling Pathways to Immune Regulation and the Potential of Immunotherapy.

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Tác giả: Tapan Behl, Vivek Kumar Kashyap, Deepak Parashar, Ravi Rawat, Priyanka Uniyal

Ngôn ngữ: eng

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Switzerland : Cancers , 2025

Mô tả vật lý:

Bộ sưu tập: NCBI

ID: 704510

The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) mutation is one of the most prevailing mutations in various tumors and is difficult to cure. Long-term proliferation in carcinogenesis is primarily initiated by oncogenic KRAS-downstream signaling. Recent research suggests that it also activates the autocrine effect and interplays the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we discuss the emerging research, including KRAS mutations to immune evasion in TME, which induce immunological modulation that promotes tumor development. This review gives an overview of the existing knowledge of the underlying connection between KRAS mutations and tumor immune modulation. It also addresses the mechanisms to reduce the effect of oncogenes on the immune system and recent advances in clinical trials for immunotherapy in KRAS-mutated cancers.
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