AIMS: Hyperspectral remote sensing technology can quickly obtain above-ground biomass (AGB) information of cotton, playing an important role in realizing accurate management for cotton cultivation. METHODS: Using Tahe-2 as the research object, nitrogen application rates and irrigation amounts were set to 0 (N RESULTS: The results revealed the following: (1) The AGB of cotton at the bud stage was highest under the W CONCLUSIONS: In terms of model testing, the RT model was found to be the most accurate for estimating cotton AGB, outperforming SVM and CNN.