As a potential high-quality protein food, peas are enriched in protein and fibre. This study investigated the judicious utilisation of pea fibre and the impact of maternal diet on offspring health in mice. Thirty-six eight-week-old, female, healthy C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups at random (n = 12 per group): deprived fibre diet (DFD), 5% pea fibre diet (LFD), and 10% pea fibre diet (HFD). After weaning, the offspring mice were fed the same diet as their parents
the respective corresponding groups were DFDO, LFDO, and HFDO. Fibre-deprived mice exhibited decreased average litter size, diminished reproductive performance, increased body weight, and intestinal barrier damage. Mice fed pea fibre showed increased litter size, improved fertility rate of parental mice, regulated body weight, and maintained a normal intestinal barrier morphology without inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, 16S rRNA analysis revealed that pea fibre enhanced diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota and altered microbial composition. Notably, changes in