Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is the most abundant and longest-lasting organic reduced sulfur compound in the atmosphere. Removing it is a critical and challenging aspect in desulfurization technology in order to comply with global restrictions on harmful emissions. Catalytic hydrolysis refers to the process whereby COS reacts with water under the influence of a catalyst to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Due to its high conversion rate, minimal side reactions, no hydrogen consumption, and mature technology, it has emerged as the most crucial COS removal method at present. Since its inception in the 1940s, research on the catalytic hydrolysis of COS has witnessed encouraging progress over the past several decades. This review summarizes recent advancements in this field. In this review, the evaluation metrics, influencing factors, and reaction mechanism for the COS hydrolysis reaction are briefly introduced. The recent advancements in COS hydrolysis catalysts in recent years are emphasized. Additionally, the existing challenges and potential solutions in this field are also proposed. Finally, the future development directions for this research area are envisioned. The purpose of this review is to offer a reference for the subsequent design and research of high-activity and high-stability hydrolysis catalysts.