The rhizosphere serves as both a hotspot and an entry point for the proliferation and transformation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the ecological mechanisms governing the evolution of ARGs in rhizosphere soils remain poorly understood. This study showed that ARGs associated with efflux pumps were found to be significantly enriched in the rice rhizosphere, compared to bulk soils, with a deterministic assembly process. Notably, soil habitat specialization, dominated by turnover processes and the accelerated succession of microbial evolution in rhizosphere soils, profoundly influenced the spatial-temporal composition and expression of ARGs. Furthermore, ARGs involved in carbohydrate and proton transport showed higher activity in the rhizosphere, conductive to the adaptation of chemical niche differentiation. The genetic-level impacts stemming from biological niche warfare significantly shaped the evolutionary trajectory of ARG. Overall, rhizosphere effects led to 20.2-41.3 % of ARGs been enriched or depleted across various rice growth and under different irrigation conditions. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the essential ecological roles of ARGs evolution in rhizosphere soils, which is critical for ARGs risks analysis in the context of plant recruitment and growth promotion.