Sulaibikhat Bay, a shallow estuarine embayment in the southern part of Kuwait Bay, has undergone substantial anthropogenic impacts over the past decade, resulting in altered sediment quality and mercury (T-Hg) contamination. This bay, bordered by the Doha Power Plant and Shuwaikh Port, receives untreated sewage and industrial waste through 17 outfalls, nine of which remain active. To assess the extent of contamination, 44 surface sediment samples were analyzed for T-Hg concentrations and fluxes. T-Hg concentrations ranged from 8 to 800 ng g