Salcastaniols A-G (1-7), seven undescribed diterpenoids, together with 29 known ones, were isolated from Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy analysis, ECD experiments and quantum chemical calculation. The in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activities of all isolates were evaluated using modified Ellman's method. Ten compounds exhibited AChE inhibitory activities with IC