A comprehensive review of the evolutionary mechanisms in plants has been performed. This review examines fundamental questions regarding plant evolution, including the development of sexes, convergent characteristics, and neutral effects in plant ecosystems. The available evidence suggests that plant evolution is not a random process, as previously hypothesized. Instead, a substantial body of evidence points to the existence of directed and predictable patterns in plant evolution, applicable not only to plants but also to other organisms. The concept of directed evolution is explored in the context of plant biology.