The effects of sleep duration and quality on physical frailty may differ. We examined the association between sleep duration/quality and frailty phenotype according to frailty components. This cross-sectional study analyzed 848 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 65-75 years (mean age 70.8 yrs, 50.1% women) without long-term care needs. We classified the participants by their sleep duration: short-, middle-, and long-sleep groups. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and divided into PSQI ≤ 5, 6-8, and ≥ 9 groups. Physical frailty was operationalized with the Fried phenotype. A logistic regression model was used to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for frailty status outcomes. The prevalence of frailty was 4.7%. The ORs for the presence of frailty in the long-sleep group was 8.50 (95%CI: 2.82-25.62) compared to the middle-sleep group, and the PSQI ≥ 9 group was 2.81 (95%CI: 1.08-7.33) compared to the PSQI ≤ 5 group. Short sleep and poor sleep quality were associated with exhaustion
long sleep was associated with low physical activity. The duration and quality of sleep may thus have different effects on frailty components. The possible causal relationship between sleep duration/quality and frailty merits further investigation.