Diabetic wound healing is hindered by oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, and inflammation. To address these issues, we developed a novel silver-gallic acid nanoparticle and incorporated it into a methacryloyl silk fibroin hydrogel (Ag@GA/Gel) based on the concept of polyphenol-metal nanoparticle networks for diabetic wound healing. In vitro experiments demonstrated that this hydrogel could promote macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, scavenge reactive oxygen species, and exhibit pro-angiogenic and antibacterial properties. In vivo experiments showed that Ag@GA/Gel enhanced wound healing in diabetic mice, evidenced by a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) expression at the wound site. Additionally, levels of the anti-inflammatory factor (TGF-β), the M2 macrophage marker (CD206), and angiogenesis markers (VEGF, CD31) were elevated. The experimental results indicate that Ag@GA/Gel is a promising therapeutic approach for diabetic wound healing.