UNLABELLED: There are accumulating levels of scientific knowledge concerning the dietary recommendations for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PURPOSE: This systematic review presents the most recent scientific knowledge concerning dietary recommendations for T2DM published in the English language by various scientific societies during the past 10 years. METHODS: The recommendations are herein presented and discussed in the light of a critical, evidence-based appraisal aiming to provide a comprehensive guide for the clinician in daily practice. RESULTS: In the case of overweight or obesity, the cornerstone of the primary prevention of T2DM is the combination of a healthy body weight (body mass index <
25 kg/m CONCLUSION: Overall, the combination of nutrition through dietary patterns that are mainly plant-based and which emphasize wholegrains, legumes, nuts, fruits, and vegetables and that include only small percentages of refined and processed foods, together with physical activity, has been associated with decreased T2DM risk.