Effective mentoring can help individuals navigate the complex, dynamic environment of academic medicine as they work to develop meaningful and fulfilling careers. Despite robust research into the characteristics of effective mentoring relationships and successful mentoring programs, resources that support mentors and mentees in engaging in career development in academic medicine are limited. Ecological psychology, a theory focusing on how the dynamic interplay between individuals and their environment influences cognition and behavior, offers a promising framework for exploring how mentors and mentees can support positive career development outcomes. In this article, the authors introduce selected principles derived from ecological psychology and supplement these principles with practical, hypothetical examples that demonstrate the use of ecological psychology across the continuum of career development (e.g., from early to middle to late career decisions). By focusing on interactions between individuals and their environment, ecological psychology offers a valuable and practical complement to other theories and frameworks that address career development, such as social cognitive career theory and landscapes of practice. By centering on the dynamic interactions between individuals and their professional environments, ecological psychology offers mentors, mentees, and academic medical centers a practical structure for navigating the intricacies and challenges of career development in academic medicine.