A detailed phytochemical investigation of the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge led to the isolation and idenfication of 22 highly oxygenated abietane diterpenoids, including 17 undescribed compouds (1-10, 15-19, (±)-21) and five known ones. Their structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Biological screening indicated that these compounds exhibited their anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 4, 5, and 16 exhibited potent inhibotry activity against TNF-α and IL-6 secretion, with IC