To enhance biological activity and deepen the understanding of the structure-activity relationship, a systematic study was conducted on the 5-position of the 1,3-imidazol-4-yl group in phenylahistin. The interaction between phenylahistin derivative 16j and the colchicine-binding site was first analyzed in detail, leading to the development of a fragment library to replace the tert-butyl group. A series of 20 novel phenylhistin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized. In vitro activity screening using the NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung cancer line showed strong inhibitory activity for most compounds. Among these, compounds 8 f and 8 g exhibited superior activities, with IC