Moringa oleifera leaf-derived natural products offer diverse health benefits in metabolic disorders. However, the structural attributes of M. oleifera leaf polysaccharides, their transformations during gastrointestinal digestion, and their influence on gut microbiota and hypoglycemic activity remain insufficiently understood. This study isolated and purified a hypoglycemic polysaccharide (MOP-3) from M. oleifera leaves, primarily composed of arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose, with a molecular weight of 2.019 × 10