OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases through February 12, 2024. STUDY SELECTION: The eligibility criteria included studies comparing the bleaching effectiveness of HP alone to HP with incorporated TiO RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were included in this systematic review, and 5 were included in the meta-analysis. Among the 17 eligible studies, 11 were in vitro studies, and 6 were in vivo studies. The commonly used HP concentrations were 6% and 35%, and the concentrations of incorporated TiO CONCLUSIONS: HP gels with TiO CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Using a low-concentration HP gel with TiO