The surge in bacterial growth and the escalating resistance against a multitude of antibiotic drugs have burgeoned into an alarming global threat, necessitating urgent and innovative interventions. In response to this peril, scientists have embarked on the development of advanced biocompatible antibacterial materials, aiming to counteract not only bacterial infections but also the pervasive issue of food spoilage resulting from microbial proliferation. Protein-based biopolymers and their meticulously engineered composites are at the forefront of this endeavor. Their potential in combating this severe global concern presents an approach that intersects the domains of biomedicine and environmental science. The present review article delves into the intricate extraction processes employed to derive various proteins from their natural sources, unraveling the complex biochemical pathways that underpin their antibacterial properties. Expanding on the foundational knowledge, the review also provides a comprehensive synthesis of functionalized proteins modified to enhance their antibacterial efficacy, unveiling a realm of possibilities for tailoring solutions to specific biomedical and environmental applications. The present review navigates through their antibacterial applications
from wound dressings to packaging materials with inherent antibacterial properties, the potential applications underscore the versatility and adaptability of these materials. Moreover, this comprehensive review serves as a valuable roadmap, guiding future research endeavors in reshaping the landscape of natural antibacterial materials on a global scale.