AIMS: To discuss the role of screening and treatment of affective symptoms, like anxiety and depression in patients with LUTD. A review of the literature regarding the bidirectional association and multidisciplinary approaches integrating psychometric assessments with personalized treatment plans to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes of LUTD. METHODS: This review summarizes discussions and a narrative review of (recent) literature during an International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society 2024 research proposal with respect to the role of screening for anxiety and depression, effect of mental health symptoms on treatment outcomes and future implications. RESULTS: Consensus recognized the importance to incorporate attention to anxiety and depression in relation to LUTD. The awareness of this association can lead to better outcomes. Future research projects are proposed to evaluate the bidirectional relationship. CONCLUSION: The relationship between affective symptoms and LUTD underscores the need for integrated treatment approaches that address both psychological and urological dimensions. Further research is required to identify specific patient subgroups that would benefit most from these interventions, to develop standardized screening tools, and to refine treatment protocols. Multidisciplinary care, incorporating psychological assessment and personalized treatment strategies, could enhance outcomes for LUTD patients.