BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and is considered a debilitating and incurable condition. Following diagnosis, individuals often experience anxiety, depression, and diminished social energy. Therefore, identifying factors that influence the psychological state of these patients and intervening to improve their well-being is crucial. AIM: This study aims to examine the relationship between illness perception and resilience in cancer patients visiting healthcare centers. METHODS: The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design, involving 262 cancer patients selected through stratified random sampling from two public and two private oncology treatment centers in Tabriz, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic checklist, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics (V.20) at a significance level of 0.05. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression to examine relationships between demographic variables, illness perception, and resilience. RESULTS: The majority of participants in the study were male (74%), married (72%), suffering from gastrointestinal cancers (62%), with an average age of 40.9 (SD: 11.9) years. The average overall resilience score was 60.1 (SD: 16.6). Pearson correlation results showed a significant positive correlation between overall resilience and the subscales of illness identity (r = 0.26, p <
0.001), consequences of illness (r = 0.20, p <
0.001), personal control (r = 0.47, p <
0.001), treatment control (r = 0.61, p <
0.001), and time line cyclical (r = 0.33, p <
0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that illness Identity (B = 0.94, CI [0.43, 1.44], p <
0.001), personal control (B = 1.75, CI [1.30, 2.21], p <
0.001), treatment control (B = 2.37, CI [1.87, 2.88], p <
0.001), and time line cyclical (B = 0.30, CI [0.40, 1.01], p = 0.04) significantly predicted resilience. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that improving patients' understanding and control over their illness may enhance their psychological resilience. These results highlight the importance of patient education and psychological interventions in cancer care, aimed at strengthening personal control and resilience. Integrating these strategies into standard care has the potential to improve patients' ability to cope with the psychological challenges of cancer and ultimately lead to an enhanced quality of life.