OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between neuromuscular blockade agent (NMBA) use and outcome in dogs undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV), including survival to discharge, and complications. METHODS: The medical records for 227 mechanically ventilated dogs were reviewed for NMBA use, parameters of respiratory status (PaO RESULTS: The NMBA and non-NMBA groups included 28 and 199 dogs, respectively. The median partial pressures of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO CONCLUSION: This study revealed no statistical significance between NMBA use and survival or complications. However, dogs in the NMBA group likely had more severe hypoxemia than the non-NMBA group, as indicated by their lower PF ratios and SPO