With increased use of cannabis world-wide, especially in our young adult population, there is a great impetus to understand the impact of cannabis and its constituents (i.e. THC and CBD) on pregnancy, fetal outcomes, and male and female reproductive function. This review assessed the current evidence (2014-2024) regarding the effects of cannabinoids on reproductive function (male, female, and pregnancy) in animal and human studies. In particular, pre- or periconceptual exposure to cannabinoids were assessed to determine their effects across the lifespan along with transgenerational effects. From the outcomes of this review, we conclude there is a greater need for future preclinical and clinical studies to assess how various routes of cannabinoid exposure along with differing mixtures of cannabinoid constituents may interact to impede reproductive health. Collectively, the outcomes of these studies are important to clinicians and regulatory agencies in the context of functional evidence to support policy and decision-making regarding the safety of cannabis use.