In recent years, the BTB (Bric-a-brac/Tramtrack/Broad complex) gene family in plants has garnered widespread attention for its regulatory roles in plant growth and development. However, knowledge regarding BTBs in poplar trees remains limited. Here, we identified 94 BTB gene family members across the genome of Populus alba L. Through phylogenetic analysis, these members were classified into seven subfamilies and 16 branches, followed by comprehensive bioinformatics and biological analyses. Structural analysis revealed that poplar BTB gene family exhibits both high conservation and diversity, with distinct gene structures and protein features. Expression pattern analysis demonstrated differential expression of poplar BTB genes across various tissues, hormone treatments, and under drought stress, suggesting their potential roles in poplar growth and development and drought response. This study provides a vital foundation and reference for unraveling the BTB-involved regulatory mechanisms underlying poplar growth and development and drought response.