This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) consumption in goats on the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, in vitro antidiabetic activity (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions), free fatty acid profile, and volatile compounds of colostrum and mature milk. Goats were fed ad libitum with either normal water (NW) or HRW for 20-22 days before and 28 days after parturition. Colostrum and milk samples were collected from goats on the day of parturition, as well as on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The milk fat content of goats fed with HRW was found to be higher compared to those fed with NW. On day 7, the total phenolic content was higher in the NW-fed milk compared to the HRW-fed milk. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the HRW-fed colostrum was higher than NW. The inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was higher in the HRW-fed milk. Some free fatty acids, including C2, C8, C10, C15, C18, and C20, increased in HRW-fed milk. Some volatile components were more abundant in the HRW-fed milk. The findings from this study may lead to new insights into the potential health benefits of milk from goats consuming HRW.