Endometritis in dairy cows is associated with pathogenic microorganisms, local inflammatory injuries, and uterine microecological disorders. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the primary pathogen responsible for bovine endometritis onset
however, the underlying pathomechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate E. coli-induced endometritis mechanisms in dairy cows using bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages and endometrial tissue. Following E. coli infection of macrophages, we observed a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of innate immune recognition receptors, including toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), as well as prostaglandin D