To explore the impact of land use change on carbon storage and the driving factors of spatial differentiation of carbon storage in Anhui Province under the strategic goal of "dual carbon" and to predict the land use pattern of Anhui Province in 2035 under different scenarios is theoretically and practically important. The coupling PLUS-InVEST model was used to analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use pattern and carbon storage in Anhui Province under the scenarios of natural development, ecological protection, cultivated land protection, and ecological cultivated land protection in 2035, and the driving force of spatial differentiation of carbon storage was analyzed by using geographic detectors. The results showed that： ① From 1990 to 2020, the land use pattern of Anhui Province showed a trend of continuous decrease in cultivated land and forest land area and significant expansion of urban area. ② From 1990 to 2020, the carbon storage in Anhui Province decreased by 1.39×10