Microplastics （MPs） and nanoplastics （NPs） pollution have gradually become a global environment issue. Due to the vast surface area of NPs, environmental pollutants tend to adhere to the surface of NPs and enter into the body of organisms. After being taken in, NPs would accumulate in the organs of the biosome or transfer into the body of their offspring, hampering the health of the offspring. This paper reviews the way NPs enter different organisms, how NPs accumulate in the body of the biosome under different exposure methods, and the role of protein corona in terms of NPs accumulation. Moreover, this paper reviews the toxicological effects and their mechanisms posed by different NPs to the biosome through different exposure approaches. It provides reference to future research on the toxicological effects, environmental risk, and even the possible human health threat of NPs.