OBJECTIVES: Differences of sex development (DSD) refer to various congenital conditions affecting the urogenital and hormonal systems. Accurate diagnosis and personalized management are crucial for supporting patients through complex decisions, such as those related to gender identity. METHODS: This study represents the first comprehensive investigation into DSD in Iran, analyzing patient's clinical and genetic data between 1991 and 2020. Karyotype analysis was performed on 69 patients without a molecular diagnosis, with sex chromosome DSD excluded. Presence of RESULTS: The most common diagnosis was testicular TDSD, identified in 42 patients (60.86 %), with the CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the need for genetic analysis in providing personalized patient care and tailored counseling to help individuals navigate complex decisions, including those involving gender identity.