BACKGROUND: Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) hold great promise for food packaging applications due to their ability to improve barrier properties, mechanical strength, sensing capabilities, and resistance to environmental factors. CNMs, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, can also be used as preservatives to extend the shelf life of food products by preventing spoilage and maintaining freshness. Additionally, their ability to respond to changes in environmental conditions means they can be used as sensors to provide information about food quality, freshness, or safety. SCOPE AND APPROACH: This article reviews the properties of CNMs, their impact on packaging film properties, their utilization in smart and active food packaging systems in the food sector, and their potential safety concerns. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: These innovative nanomaterials offer a range of unique properties that can enhance the safety, shelf-life, quality, and sustainability of packaged food products. However, CNMs have their own set of challenges that need to be addressed, including their functional performance and safety assessment. Collaborations among material scientists, food technologists, and regulatory bodies are required to drive the development of safe and effective CNM-based food packaging solutions.