OBJECTIVE: In China, motor vehicles and non-motorized vehicles (bicycles or e-bikes) are the most common modes of transportation. However, individuals with epilepsy may face significant challenges and barriers when using these modes of transportation. This study aims to assess the current status and challenges faced by people with epilepsy in terms of transportation. METHODS: From September 2022 to September 2023, a cohort of patients with a previous diagnosis of epilepsy was invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire during their visit to Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. The questionnaire focused on understanding the transportation habits of Chinese patients with epilepsy, their perceptions regarding travel, and their specific transportation needs. RESULTS: A total of 243 patients participated in the study. Of those, 86 (35.3 %) patients used motor vehicles as one of their main modes of transportation and 133 (54.7 %) patients used non-motorized vehicles as one of their primary modes of transportation. Additionally, 117 (48.1 %) patients reported being aware of laws pertaining to transportation for individuals with epilepsy, primarily through the Internet and consultations with their healthcare providers. Patients with fewer seizures per year were more likely to travel primarily use motor vehicles (RR = 1.364, 95 % CI:1.139-1.633, p <
0.002), and those who were aware of the epilepsy-related transportation laws were less likely to use motor vehicles (RR = 0.644, 95 % CI:0.462-0.898, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: In China, both motor vehicles and non-motorized vehicles are commonly used by individuals with epilepsy. However, people with epilepsy still do not have enough knowledge about the relevant laws, so the advocacy of medical professionals may make an important contribution to improve the legal knowledge of patients and promote traffic safety. Furthermore, the social issue of individuals with epilepsy driving non-motorized vehicles warrants further investigation, encompassing medical, legal, infrastructure, and public policy perspectives to ensure the safety and mobility of patients.