Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline and increased dementia risk. The specific characteristics of TBI (e.g., type of head trauma, presence of a gap in memory, age of onset) that confer the greatest risk to cognitive health remain comparatively less clear. Using data from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) experimental module, we examined associations between TBI characteristics and memory outcomes in a national adult lifespan sample. We tested whether the age of onset and presence of a memory gap in TBI resulting from a vehicle accident, from a fall or being hit, or from playing sports or playing on a playground were associated with self-rated memory and recall memory performance in a subsample of HRS respondents across the adult lifespan (