Secure and flexible image watermarking using IWT, SVD, and chaos models for robustness and imperceptibility.

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Tác giả: Moatsum Alawida, Wafa Hamdan Alshoura

Ngôn ngữ: eng

Ký hiệu phân loại: 262.131 Papal infallibility

Thông tin xuất bản: England : Scientific reports , 2025

Mô tả vật lý:

Bộ sưu tập: NCBI

ID: 734276

The utilization of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is widespread in several image watermarking methods to attain a more favorable balance between the demands of watermarking. Nevertheless, SVD exhibits some limitations, including false positives, limited capacity, and security issues. In order to overcome these challenges, a new approach to image watermarking has been introduced, which utilizes a combination of Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT), SVD, and chaos models. The generation of chaotic orbits in the scheme is based on utilizing chaotic variables generated through a secret key. The secret key is a major element in embedding, extraction, encryption, and ownership protection. The smooth generation of multiple scaling factors (MSF) matrices is achieved using chaotic points in the encryption stage. In order to attain a suitable equilibrium between watermarking robustness, imperceptibility, and security, the IWT technique is utilized to convert both the host and watermark images into frequency coefficients. The proposed method involves the extraction of a 4-bit matrix from the
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