Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a highly efficient biodegradable polymeric nanoparticle (NP). Owing to its low toxicity, controlled and sustained release qualities, and biocompatibility with tissue and cells, the US FDA has approved its usage in drug delivery systems. The manufacturing and characterization techniques, surface changes, encapsulation of anticancer medicines, active or passive tumor targeting, and various PLGA nanoparticle release methods have been explored in the research arena in the past decade and patents have been filed across the globe. This review covers nanotechnology-backed PLGA patent literature for various types of cancers available on distinguished and eminent patent databases like 'Espacenet' and 'Patent Scope' ranging within a time frame from 2008 to 2024. This review is the first ever reported compilation of the state-of-the-art patent-based literature in PLGA nanoparticles. This review will pave a path for researchers of the present era and future, to understand the research landscape in PLGA nanoparticles and cancer therapy and pave a path for further connective research in the arena of PLGA-based nanoparticles and cancer formulation development.