CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the awareness level of diabetes and diabetes-related eye diseases will help in developing better eye health education programmes and improve health-seeking behaviour in the community. BACKGROUND: Diabetes and diabetes related eye diseases are increasing in numbers both in urban and rural areas in India. There are limited data on awareness of diabetes and diabetes-related eye disease in rural communities of India. This study reports on awareness of diabetes and diabetes-related eye diseases in people aged ≥40 years from two rural districts of Telangana, India. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was used to determine the awareness of diabetes and diabetes-related eye diseases among participants aged ≥40 years in the Khammam and Warangal districts of Telangana, India. Social investigators visited the participant's households and conducted the interviews. A positive response to a question on having heard about diabetes was considered as 'awareness'. For those aware, follow-up questions were asked about the effect of diabetes on vision, frequency of eye examination and source of information. A positive response on a question that diabetes could cause loss of vision was considered as awareness of diabetic eye disease. RESULTS: A total of 3273 participants were interviewed. Among them, 56.2% ( CONCLUSION: Only half of the participants were aware of diabetes and of this substantial proportion of individuals was unaware of potential vision loss due to diabetes. Improving awareness about diabetes and its impact on vision is recommended to prevent potential vision loss in this population.