BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess Work Ability Score (WAS) in 2018 based on self-reported data regarding inhalable occupational exposure and data from a Northern European Job-Exposure Matrix recorded in 2013. METHODS: During the 5-year follow-up period of this population-based study, 4423 participants completed a postal questionnaire comprising self-reported questions regarding occupational exposure, work history, and WAS. RESULTS: Ever, weekly, and daily exposure to vapors, gas, dust, and fumes in the last 5 years in 2013 was associated with reduced WAS in 2018. The Northern European Job-Exposure Matrix data showed that exposure to irritants, wood and paper dust, and mixed agricultural agents was associated with reduced WAS. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to several occupational inhalable substances is associated with reduced work ability. We recommend reducing inhalable occupational exposure to prevent reduced work ability.