Recent advancements in artificial intelligence-enabled medical gas sensing have led to enhanced accuracy, safety, and efficiency in healthcare. Medical gases, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide, are essential for various treatments but pose health risks if improperly managed. This review highlights the integration of artificial intelligence in medical gas sensing, enhancing traditional sensors through advanced data processing, pattern recognition, and real-time monitoring capabilities. Artificial intelligence improves the ability to detect harmful gas levels, enabling immediate intervention to prevent adverse health effects. Moreover, developments in nanotechnology have resulted in advanced materials, such as metal oxides and carbon-based nanomaterials, which increase sensitivity and selectivity. These innovations, combined with artificial intelligence, support continuous patient monitoring and predictive diagnostics, paving the way for future breakthroughs in medical care.