Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are an effective delivery system for gene therapeutics. By optimizing their formulation, the physiochemical properties of LNPs can be tailored to improve tissue penetration, cellular uptake, and precise targeting. The application of these targeted delivery strategies within the LNP framework ensures efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to specific organs or cell types, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy. In the realm of genome editing, LNPs have emerged as a potent vehicle for delivering CRISPR/Cas components, offering significant advantages such as high