Coexistence of fertilizers and pesticides in farmlands may alter the biodegradation of the latter. Herein, the effects of fertilizers, namely urea (N), superphosphate (P), potassium sulfate (K), compound fertilizers (NPK), chicken manure (CM), rice husk ash (PA) on the environmental behaviors of metolachlor (MET) are investigated. The sorption of MET is reduced by N and NPK at 1 mg/g (nitrogen content) but enhanced by CM and PA at 10 mg/g in soil. Meanwhile, these fertilizers inhibit the biodegradation of MET and prolonged its half-life to >
3 times in soil, which microbial-mediated effect was verified via sterilized soil. To explore the profiles of fertilizer-domesticated microbes, correlation analysis reveals that the abundances of nine potential MET-degrading genera are reduced by the fertilizers, further inhibiting the metabolic pathways of MET ["MET oxanilic acid (MOA)" and "ethane sulfonic acid (ESA)" pathways], thus enhancing the persistence of MET in soil. In summary, excessive nitrogen fertilizers may increase the soil risks associated with MET residues, whereas CM and PA reduce the risk via immobilization of MET and inhibition of its metabolic transformation.