Based on the perspectives of the environment, food, and health, this review reflects on previous research examining stem cells for the early detection of chemical hazards and the development of preventive health tools. The risks posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environment are investigated, including studies on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), phthalate esters, and bisphenol A. Building on the findings of these studies, this review identifies emerging challenges in the field of endocrine-disrupting chemical research. Moreover, this paper explores innovative testing methods aimed at accurately evaluating the impact of chemicals on human health. The key topics covered include the implementation of developmental neurotoxicity testing methods, the species-specific effects of methylmercury, nanomaterials and the application of human pluripotent cells to assess the effects of low-dose radiation. Additionally, this review highlights transformative approaches in chemical health impact assessment that integrate cell science and artificial intelligence, and addresses challenges related to the application of multi-omics technologies in environmental health and toxicology.