Bio-waste-derived nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining attention for their biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and affordability. This study synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag-ZnO NPs) using termite wing bio-waste (Odontotermes obesus). The synthesized NPs was Characterization by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed successful biosynthesis and purity. AFM provided 3D profiling of the average sizes of 28.4 nm, 19.6 nm, and 11 nm for AgNPs, ZnONPs, and Ag-ZnO NPs, respectively. Among these three nanoparticles, Ag-ZnO NPs showed superior antioxidant activity in DPPH (86 ± 3.61%), ABTS (76 ± 1.5%), and nitric oxide assays (77 ± 1%). In vitro studies demonstrated their significant antibacterial and anticancer potential against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and HeLa cells, with >
80% cell viability reduction at 100 µg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of Ag-ZnO NPs as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and anticancer agents, warranting further in vivo studies for biomedical applications.