UNLABELLED: Many plant viruses are persistently transmitted by insect vectors. The viral antagonism of insect innate immune responses is a critical step in ensuring persistent viral infection. Recent studies have shown that the Toll immune pathway mediates the persistent and propagative transmission of rice stripe virus (RSV) in its insect vector ( IMPORTANCE: Plant virus diseases pose a serious threat to global crop production. Nearly half of the known plant viruses are persistently transmitted by insect vectors, and these plant viruses must counteract various innate immune responses to maintain persistent infection. Here, we uncover a novel counter-defense mechanism against Toll antiviral defense. Our research showed that LsPellino exerts antiviral function by interacting with LsTube and participating in the Toll immune pathway. To counteract this immunity, a plant virus, rice stripe virus, attenuates the Toll immune pathway and promotes viral infection by using viral nonstructural protein NS3 to mediate the degradation of LsPellino in its insect vector,