Drought significantly reduces cotton boll yields across various fruiting branches (FBs). Potassium (K) application can partially mitigate the drought-induced damage by modifying the biosynthesis of photoassimilates in the leaf subtending to cotton boll (LSCB) and facilitating their transport to the subtending bolls, although its effects vary among FBs. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this, potting experiments were conducted at three soil relative water content (SRWC): 75 ± 5 % (W75), 60 ± 5 % (W60), and 45 ± 5 % (W45), along with K rates of 0 (K0), 150 (K150) and 300 (K300) kg K