INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery yields clinically significant long-term weight loss accompanied by marked improvements in numerous weight-related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of (RYGB) surgery on lipid profile. DATA SOURCE: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Scholar from inception to May 20th, 2024. STUDIES SELECTION: Clinical studies that reported lipid profile data with a follow-up of at least 5 years after RYGB were eligible. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. RESULTS: Of the 4922 articles identified from our database search, 38 studies that measured lipid profile following RYGB were identified and selected for the analysis. Compared to pre-surgery, at post-surgery follow-up of ≥ 5 years, RYGB was associated with significant reductions in mean total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: - 17.95 mg/dl, 95% CI: - 22.68, - 13.22, 95% PI: - 46.18, 10.27 p <
0.002
I CONCLUSION: RYBG is associated with clinically significant large improvements in serum lipids at a post-operative follow-up of 5 years or more.