Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) facilitated by nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFBac) offers a sustainable alternative to conventional nitrogen fertilizers. However, acidic soil conditions, characterized by reduced pH levels, nutrient deficiencies, and disrupted microbiomes, present a significant challenge to the effectiveness of NFBac. This study proposes a nanoengineering approach to bolster the resilience and functionality of NFBac in acidic soils. Azotobacter