INTRODUCTION: There has been a significant improvement in the technique and instrumentation for pars plana vitrectomy systems in the past decades. High-speed vitrectomy has emerged as a transformative advancement in retinal surgery. The use of advanced vitreous cutters operating at significantly higher speeds has revolutionized the approach to complex vitreoretinal procedures. AREAS COVERED: This paper reviews the latest developments in high-speed vitrectomy, focusing on the technological innovations that have driven its evolution, management systems and visualization techniques. The integration of higher cut rates, now exceeding 10,000 cuts per minute, has substantially reduced vitreous traction, minimized iatrogenic retinal tears, and enhanced the safety profile of these surgeries. Clinical outcomes from recent studies demonstrate that high-speed vitrectomy not only reduces operating time but also improves patient recovery with fewer post-operative complications. EXPERT OPINION: The continuous evolution of vitrectomy technology is setting new standards in retinal surgery, promising greater improvements in patient care. High-speed vitrectomy offers faster, safer, precise surgical outcomes, enhancing surgical success rates. Further research directions may include optimizing cutter design, exploring novel fluidics systems, and developing augmented reality tools to enhance surgeon performance and patient outcomes.