BACKGROUND: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has shown potential as a non-invasive tool for evaluating renal allografts. This study aimed to evaluate whether mpMRI could serve as a biomarker for predicting early renal allograft dysfunction. METHODS: A total of 31 patients (44.4±10.9 years, 6 females) who underwent mpMRI 1 month after kidney transplantation were included in the study. MpMRI parameters, including the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), renal blood flow (RBF), and T1-rho (T1ρ), were measured for all patients. The patients were divided into a stable group (SG) and an impaired group (IG) based on the increase in serum creatinine levels. The ADC, RBF, and T1ρ values were statistically compared between the two groups. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the performance of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in predicting renal allograft dysfunction. Statistical analyses were performed using individual sample RESULTS: The SG comprised 20 patients and the IG comprised 11 patients. The baseline RBF and T1ρ differed significantly between the two groups (261.1±56.4 CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that mpMRI parameters, particularly RBF and T1ρ mapping, have potential as biomarkers for predicting early renal allograft dysfunction.